Συνθέτες R-Z

Rachmaninov, Sergei (1873-1943) Russian-American; mainly U.S.-based from 1918
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic
Genre Profile:  302---3000---0122---300---01---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.---symphonic poems and other choral-orchestral & orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1890-1916) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in F sharp minor Op.1 (1890-2, r1917) . . . Prelude #1 in C sharp minor [pf] Op.3 no.2 (1892) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in C minor Op.18 (1900-1) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in G minor Op.19 (1901) . . . 23 preludes [pf] Opp. 23/32 (1901-3/1910) . . . Sym. #2 in E minor Op.27 (1906-7) . . . Piano Conc. #3 in D minor Op.30 (1909) . . . The Isle of the Dead [sym. poem] Op.29 (1909) . . . Vocalese [wordless v & orch.] Op.34 no.14 (1912, r1915) . . . The Bells [sym. poem/choral sym. for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.35 (1913) . . . Vespers (All-Night Vigil) [2 solo vv & chorus] Op.37 (1915) . . . Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini [pf & orch.] Op.43 (1934) . . . Symphonic Dances [orch.] Op.45 (1940)
Musical Influences:  Arensky; Borodin; -Chopin; Grieg; Liszt; Rimsky-Korsakov; Taneyev; TCHAIKOVSKY; RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Prokofiev

Raff, (Joseph) Joachim (1822-82) Swiss-German
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (New German School)
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---syms.
Musical Influences:  Liszt; Mendelssohn
Has Influenced:  MacDowell

Rameau, Jean-Philippe (1683-1764) French; Paris-based from c1722
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque
Genre Profile:  020---0000---0020---030---33---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---ballets---solo harpsichord---chamber music---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . Pièces de Clavecins (3 books) [hpschd] (p1706-31), incl. no.20, 'Tambourin' . . . Hippolyte et Aricie [opera tragédie] (1733, r1742) . . . Castor et Pollux [opera tragédie] (1737) . . . Dardanus [opera tragédie] (1739, r1744) . . . 5 Pièces de Clavecin en Concert [hpschd, vln (or fl) & viol (or vln)] (1741) . . . Pygmalion [ballet] (1748)
Musical Influences:  LULLY; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  ++Debussy; Gluck; ++Indy; Leclair; Tartini

Ravel, Maurice (1875-1937) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  033---3200---2222---300---32---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---orchestral arrs. of piano works---ballets---chamber music---songs---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Pavane for a Dead Princess [pf] (1899; orch. arr. 1910) . . . Jeux d'Eau [pf] (1901) . . . String Quartet in F (1902-3) . . . Shéhérazade [song cycle for solo v & orch.] (1903) . . . Alborada del Gracioso (from the pf suite 'Miroirs') (1905; orch. arr. 1918) . . . Introduction et Allegro [harp, fl, cl & str qtt] (1905) . . . Rapsodie Espagnole [orch.] (1907-8) . . . Gaspard de la Nuit [3 poems for pf] (1908) . . . Mother Goose Suite [pf 4 hands] (1908-10) . . . Daphnis et Chloé [ballet/'symphonie chorégraphique'] (1909-12) . . . Mother Goose [ballet after the pf suite] (1911) . . . Valses Nobles et Sentimentales [pf] (1911; orch. arr. 1912) . . . Suite #2 from (the ballet) Daphnis et Chloé [orch.] (1913) . . . Piano Trio in A minor (1914) . . . Le Tombeau de Couperin [pf suite] (1914-7; orch. arr. 1919) . . . La Valse ['poème chorégraphique' for orch.] (1919-20) . . . L'Enfant et les Sortilèges [opera] (1920-5) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano (1923-7) . . . Tzigane ['rapsodie de concert' for vln & pf (or vln & orch.)] (1924) . . . Boléro [ballet] (1928) . . . Piano Conc. in D 'For the Left Hand' (1929-30) . . . Piano Conc. in G (1929-31)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Borodin; CHABRIER; --Chopin; ---F Couperin; Debussy; FAURÉ; +Gershwin; Liszt; Massenet; --Mozart; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Satie; R Strauss; +Stravinsky; jazz; Spanish music
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; Bax; Berkeley; Bliss; Carpenter; Casella; Castelnuovo-Tedesco; -Debussy; Diamond; Dutilleux; Enescu; Falla; Françaix; Griffes; Ibert; Ireland; Khachaturian; Lutoslawski; Martin; Mompou; Poulenc; Respighi; Rorem; -Roussel; Szymanowski; Tailleferre; Turina; -Vaughan Williams; Walton

Reger, Max (1873-1916) German
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  002---2210---2222---232---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  solo organ & solo piano---orchestral pcs---chamber music---works for solo string instr.---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Fantasia & Fugue on B-A-C-H [org] Op.46 (1900) . . . Variations & Fugue on an Original Theme in F sharp minor [org] Op.73 (1903) . . . Variations & Fugue on a Theme of J.A. Hiller [orch.] Op.100 (1907) . . . Psalm 100 in D [chorus, org & orch.] Op.106 (1908-9) . . . Variations & Fugue on a Theme of Mozart [orch.] Op.132 (1914) . . . Fantasia & Fugue in D minor [org] Op.135b (1916)
Musical Influences:  ---JS BACH; --Beethoven; BRAHMS; -Chopin; Debussy; Liszt; --Mendelssohn; --Mozart; -R Schumann; R Strauss; Wagner; Wolf; ---Baroque music
Has Influenced:  KA Hartmann; HINDEMITH; Honegger; Karg-Elert; [A Merikanto]; Prokofiev; Schoenberg; Szymanowski; Webern

Reich, Steve (1936-) American; mainly New York-based
Style/Period:  Minimalist
Genre Profile:  012---0011---2212---002---00---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  small ensemble pcs (espec. featuring percussion/percussive effects and/or solo instr(s). recorded on magnetic tape)---mixed-media works
Notable Works:  . . . Drumming [2 wordless vv, piccolo & small perc ensemble] (1970-1) . . . Clapping Music [2 performers: handclaps] (1972) . . . Music for 18 Musicians [4 women's vv & instrs.] (1976) . . . The Cave [mixed-media opera] (1991-2)
Musical Influences:  Cage; ---Pérotin; Stravinsky; AFRICAN DRUMMING; jazz; gamelan; EAST ASIAN MUSIC; Hebrew chant
Has Influenced:  ADAMS; -Ligeti; rock music; 'New Age' music

Reicha, Anton (1770-1836) Bohemian-French; Paris-based from 1808
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  202---1222---2222---210---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  wind quintets & other chamber music featuring wind instrs.
Notable Works:  . . . 24 wind quintets Opp. 88/91/99/100 (1811-20)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Gluck; J HAYDN; Mozart
Has Influenced:  Adam; Berlioz; -Danzi; Flotow; Franck; Liszt

Reinecke, Carl (1824-1910) German; Leipzig-based from 1860
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---lieder---concs.
Notable Work:  . . . Sonata for Flute & Piano 'Undine' Op.167 (c1885)
Musical Influences:  +Brahms; MENDELSSOHN; R SCHUMANN; Wagner

Respighi, Ottorino (1879-1936) Italian; Rome-based from 1913
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (Neomedieval)
Genre Profile:  013---2202---0102---120---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral suites & symphonic poems---songs---ballets---operas---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . The Fountains of Rome [sym. poem] (1914-6) . . . Ancient Airs & Dances [3 suites for orch.] (1917/1923/1931) . . . The Pines of Rome [sym. poem] (1923-4) . . . The Birds [suite for small orch.] (1927) . . . Three Botticelli Pictures [suite for chamber orch.] (1927) . . . Roman Festivals [sym. poem] (1928)
Musical Influences:  Bruch; Debussy; Ravel; RIMSKY-KORSAKOV; R STRAUSS; ---Medieval plainsong/Gregorian chant; ---Renaissance & Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Castelnuovo-Tedesco; Hanson

Riegger, Wallingford (1885-1961) American; mainly New York-based from 1900
Style/Period:  Post-Schoenbergian Serial (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---syms.---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Schoenberg

Riley, Terry (1935-) American; mainly New York & California-based
Style/Period:  Minimalist/Exoticist
Best Known For:  small ensemble music---magnetic tape or synthesizer-based pcs---improvised music
Notable Work:  . . . In C [instrumentation unspecified] (1964) . . . A Rainbow in Curved Air [keybs, dumbak & tambourines] (1968)
Musical Influences:  Cage; [La. Young]; Indian music; jazz & blues
Has Influenced:  -Ligeti

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay (1844-1908) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg-based from 1856
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  223---1220---2212---200---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---orchestral pcs.---syms.---songs & song cycles---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Sadko [sym. poem] Op.5 (1867, r1869 & 1892) . . . Sym. #2 'Antar' Op.9 (1868, r1875 & 1897) . . . The Snow Maiden [opera] (1880-1, r c1895) . . . Capriccio Espagnol [orch.] Op.34 (1887) . . . Russian Easter Festival Over. [concert over.] Op.36 (1888) . . . Scheherazade [orch. suite] Op.35 (1888) . . . Flight of the Bumblebee from (the opera) The Tale of Tsar Sultan [orch.] (1899-1900) . . . Introduction & Wedding March from (the opera) The Tale of Tsar Sultan [orch.] (1903) . . . The Golden Cockerel [opera] (1906-7; orch. suite 1907)
Musical Influences:  BALAKIREV; Berlioz; Dargomïzhsky; Glinka; Liszt; --Mozart; Mussorgsky; Wagner; Oriental melodies; folksong
Has Influenced:  Arensky; Glazunov; Glière; Khachaturian; Lyadov; Miaskovsky; Prokofiev; Rachmaninov; Ravel; RESPIGHI; Shostakovich; STRAVINSKY; [N Tcherepnin]

Rochberg, George (1918-2005) American; mainly Philadelphia-based from 1945
Style/Period:  Post-Schoenbergian Serial to c1965; Neoromantic thereafter
Best Known For:  chamber music---syms.
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Hindemith; -Mahler; Menotti; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Webern

Rodrigo, Joaquín (1902-99) Spanish
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  022---2232---0102---202---11---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---songs---concs.---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Concierto de Aranjuez [guitar & orch.] (1939) . . . Fantasia para un Gentilhombre [guitar & orch.] (1954) . . . Invocacíon y Danza [guitar] (1961) . . . Concierto Madrigal [2 guitars & orch.] (1968)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Debussy; DUKAS; Falla; Stravinsky; Turina; FOLK MUSIC; ---Renaissance & Baroque music

Rore, Cipriano de (1515/6 - 1565) Flemish; Parma & Venice-based from late youth or early adulthood
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---sacred vocal music (motets, masses, etc.)
Musical Influences:  Josquin; WILLAERT
Has Influenced:  A Gabrieli; Gesualdo; Lasso; Luzzaschi; Marenzio; +Monteverdi; Wert

Rorem, Ned (1923-) American; Paris & Morocco-based 1949-58
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  212---2112---2222---221---22---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  songs & song cycles---choral music---chamber music---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . War Scenes [song cycle for solo v & pf] (1969) . . . The Nantucket Songs [song cycle for solo v & pf] (1979)
Musical Influences:  Copland; -Debussy; Milhaud; Poulenc; Ravel; Sowerby; Thomson; jazz

Rossini, Gioachino (1792-1868) Italian
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (bel canto)
Genre Profile:  032---0022---2202---200---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.---sacred vocal/choral music---chamber music---songs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . 6 String Sonatas [2 vlns, vc & double-bass] (c1804) . . . Over. to (the opera) La Scala di Seta [orch.] (1812) . . . The Italian Woman in Algiers [opera] (1813) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Italian Woman in Algiers [orch.] (1813) . . . Otello [opera] (1816) . . . The Barber of Seville [opera] (1816) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Barber of Seville [orch.] (1816) . . . Cinderella [opera] (1817) . . . The Thieving Magpie [opera] (1817) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Thieving Magpie [orch.] (1817) . . . Semiramide [opera] (1823) . . . Over. to (the opera) Semiramide [orch.] (1823) . . . William Tell [opera] (1829) . . . Over. to (the opera) William Tell [orch.] (1829) . . . Stabat Mater [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1832, r1841) . . . Sins of Old Age 'Péchés de Vieillesse' [150 short pcs for pf &/or various instrs.] (1857-68)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Cimarosa; J Haydn; Mayr; -MOZART; Spontini
Has Influenced:  -Auber; BELLINI; Bizet; -Boieldieu; -Carulli; Chopin; Dargomïzhsky; DONIZETTI; Flotow; -Giuliani; Mercadante; -MEYERBEER; Offenbach; PACINI; Saint-Saëns; Schubert; -Spontini; Verdi; Wagner; Widor

Roussel, Albert (1869-1937) French
Style/Period:  Impressionist to c1918; French Neoclassical thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---1101---2122---212---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---ballets---orchestral pcs---chamber music---songs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . The Spider's Feast [pantomime ballet] Op.17 (1912) . . . Serenade [fl, vln, va, vc & harp] Op.30 (1925) . . . Suite in F [orch.] Op.33 (1926) . . . Sym. #3 in G minor Op.42 (1929-30) . . . Bacchus et Ariane [ballet] Op.43 (1930; orch. suites 1933 & 1934) . . . Sym. #4 in A Op.53 (1934)
Musical Influences:  DEBUSSY; Franck; INDY; +Ravel; +Stravinsky; Indian & East Asian music
Has Influenced:  Dutilleux; Lutoslawski; Martinu; -Pierné; Piston; -Satie; Walton

Rubinstein, Anton (1829-94) Russian
Style/Period:  Middle Russian Romantic
Genre Profile:  212---2200---2222---200---12---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---syms.---songs---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Melody in F [pf] Op.3 no.1 (1852) . . . Romance in E flat [pf] Op.44 no.1 (1860) . . . Piano Conc. #4 in D minor Op.70 (1864)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; Liszt; MENDELSSOHN; Meyerbeer; R Schumann
Has Influenced:  Busoni; Tchaikovsky

Ruggles, Carl (1876-1971) American
Style/Period:  Experimentalist (Expressionist)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sun-Treader [orch.] (1926-31)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; Ives; R Strauss
Has Influenced:  Harrison

Rutter, John (1945-) British
Style/Period:  English Vernacularist
Best Known For:  choral/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Shepherd's Pipe Carol [chorus & pf] (1967; chorus & orch. arr. 1973) . . . Requiem [solo v, org, chorus & orch.] (1985)
Musical Influences:  folksong; plainchant

Saint-Saëns, (Charles-)Camille (1835-1921) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  222---2321---2222---222---12---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  significant contributor to most main genres
Notable Works:   . . . Fantaisie in E flat [org] (1857) . . . Introduction et Rondo Capriccioso in A minor [vln & orch.] Op.28 (1863) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in G minor Op.22 (1868) . . . Cello Conc. #1 in A minor Op.33 (1872) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano #1 in C minor Op.32 (1872) . . . Danse Macabre in G minor [orch.] Op.40 (1874) . . . Piano Conc. #4 in C minor Op.44 (1875) . . . Samson et Dalilah [opera] Op.47 (1877) . . . Violin Conc. #3 in B minor Op.61 (1880) . . . Septet in E flat [pf, trumpet & strings] Op.65 (1881) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano #1 in D minor Op.75 (1885) . . . Carnival of the Animals [11 instrs.] (1886), incl. 'The Swan' . . . Sym. #3 in C minor 'Organ' Op.78 (1886) . . . Havanaise in E [vln & orch.] Op.83 (1887) . . . Piano Conc. #5 in F 'Egyptian' Op.103 (1896) . . . Sonata for Clarinet & Piano in E flat Op.167 (1921) . . . Sonata for Bassoon & Piano in G Op.168 (1921)
Musical Influences:  Berlioz; Chopin; LISZT; Mendelssohn; --Mozart; Rossini; +Sarasate; Wagner; North African & Middle Eastern music
Has Influenced:  FAURÉ; Ravel

Salieri, Antonio (1750-1825) Italian; mainly Vienna-based from c1781
Style/Period:  Classical
Best Known For:  operas---concs.
Musical Influences:  -Fux; Gluck; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; Cherubini; Hummel; Liszt; Schubert

Sallinen, Aulis (1935-) Finnish
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . String Quartet #3 Op.19 (1969)
Musical Influences:  KOKKONEN; [A Merikanto]; Sibelius

Sammartini, Giovanni Battista (1700/1 - 1775) Italian; Milan-based
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  JC Bach; Boccherini; GLUCK; J Haydn; Mozart

Sarasate, Pablo de (1844-1908) Spanish
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Genre Profile:  000---0200---0012---000---00---000
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  violin (w/piano, w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Zigeunerweisen [vln & orch.] Op.20 no.1 (1878) . . . Danzas Españolas [vln & pf] Opp. 21/22/23/26 (p1878-82) . . . Concert Fantasy on Carmen [vln & orch.] Op.25 (1883?)
Musical Influences:  -Paganini; folksong
Has Influenced:  -Bruch; -Lalo; -Saint-Saëns

Satie, Erik (1866-1925) French; Paris-based from 1878
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  022---0000---1002---300---21---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . 3 Gymnopédies [pf] (1888; orch. arr. 1896) . . . 3 Pieces in the Shape of a Pear [pf 4 hands] (1890-1903) . . . Sports et Divertissements [suite of 20 short pcs for pf] (1914) . . . Parade [ballet] (1915-7) . . . Socrate [secular cantata/oratorio for 1 or more vv & pf/chamber orch.] (1918)
Musical Influences:  CHABRIER; Debussy; Indy; +Roussel; Gregorian chant; Medieval & ancient music; ragtime & jazz
Has Influenced:  Alain; Cage; -Debussy; Diamond; +Kagel; Koechlin; Milhaud; Mompou; POULENC; Ravel; Tailleferre; THOMSON; 'New Age' music

Scarlatti, Alessandro (1660-1725) Italian; Rome & Naples-based from 1672
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque (Neapolitan School)
Genre Profile:  000---0002---2110---010---03---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  operas---secular cantatas---motets---sacred oratorios---masses---songs
Notable Works:  . . . secular chamber cantatas [mainly for 1 or 2 vv & 1-3 instrs.] (c1680-1725) . . . Il Tigrane [opera] (1715)
Musical Influences:  CARISSIMI; Cavalli; Corelli; [G Legrenzi]; -Monteverdi; --Palestrina; Pasquini; [-L Rossi]; Stradella
Has Influenced:  Geminiani; HANDEL; HASSE; Pergolesi; D Scarlatti; Vivaldi

Scarlatti, Domenico (1685-1757) Italian-Spanish; Naples, Rome & Venice-based to c1719; thereafter in Portugal & Spain
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  020---0000---0020---030---01---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  keyboard sonatas---secular cantatas---sacred vocal music
Notable Works:  . . . 555+ harpsichord sonatas (1738-57), notably: K9 in D/D minor, K11 in C minor, K87 in B minor, K141 in D minor, K146 in G, K159 in C, K175 in A minor, K208 in A, K209 in A, K322 in A, K380 in E
Musical Influences:  Corelli; [F Gasparini]; Pasquini; Rameau; A Scarlatti; guitar music; ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE & SPANISH POPULAR & FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Clementi; +++Falla; SOLER

Scelsi, Giacinto (1905-88) Italian; Rome-based from 1951
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (texture music)/Mystical
Best Known For:  chamber music---works for solo player---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Schoenberg; Scriabin; African & Asian music

Scheidemann, Heinrich (c1596-1663) German; mainly Hamburg-based from c1604
Style/Period:  Early German Baroque
Best Known For:  solo organ
Musical Influences:  SWEELINCK
Has Influenced:  Buxtehude; Weckmann

Scheidt, Samuel (1587-1654) German; Halle-based
Style/Period:  Early German Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  solo organ---sacred vocal music (motets, concertatos)---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Tabulatura Nova [3 vol. collection of works for keyb, espec. org] (p1624)
Musical Influences:  Frescobaldi; SWEELINCK; Italian, English & Netherlandish music
Has Influenced:  Buxtehude; [A Krieger]

Schein, Johann Hermann (1586-1630) German; Dresden & Leipzig-based from 1593
Style/Period:  Early German Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred & secular vocal music (cantatas, madrigals, motets, etc.)---brass (chamber ensemble)
Musical Influences:  G Gabrieli; Monteverdi

Schnittke [Shnitke], Alfred (1934-98) Russian; mainly Moscow-based from 1948
Style/Period:  highly various, at times employing Neoclassical, Neoromantic, Serial & Expressionist approaches
Genre Profile:  222---2202---2222---212---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi---chamber music---string instrs. (chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . In Memoriam [orch. arr.] (1972-8) . . . Concerto Grosso #1 [2 vlns, hpschd, pf & string orch.] (1977) . . . Suite in the Old Style [vln & pf] (1977) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano (1978) . . . String Quartet #3 (1983) . . . Viola Conc. (1985) . . . Cello Conc. #1 (1985-6)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; -Mahler; Prokofiev; Shostakovich; Stravinsky; ---Baroque music; Russian Orthodox Church music

Schoenberg, Arnold (1874-1951) Austrian-American; mainly Vienna-based to 1933; U.S.-based thereafter, mainly in Los Angeles
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic to 1909; German Expressionist 1909-1922; Serial (Second Viennese School) thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---2202---2222---210---02---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---songs & song cycles---dramatic vocal music---operas
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1893-1933) . . . String Sextet 'Transfigured Night' Op.4 (1899; string orch. arr. 1917, r1943) . . . Gurrelieder [secular cantata for narr., 5 solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1900-3, r1910-1) . . . Pelleas und Melisande [sym. poem after the Maeterlinck play] Op.5 (1903) . . . Chamber Sym. #1 in E [15 instrs.] Op.9 (1906; full orch. arr. 1922, r1935) . . . String Quartet #2 in F sharp minor [with solo v] Op.10 (1907-8) . . . 5 Orchestral Pieces Op.16 (1909, r1949) . . . Pierrot Lunaire [song cycle for speaker & 8 instrs. 'chamber ensemble'] Op.21 (1912) . . . 5 Piano Pieces Op.23 (1920 & 1923) . . . Variations for Orch. Op.31 (1926-8) . . . Moses und Aron [opera] (1930-2) . . . Violin Conc. Op.36 (1935-6) . . . String Quartet #4 Op.37 (1936) . . . Piano Conc. Op.42 (1942) . . . Theme & Variations [in band & orch. arrs.] Op.43 (1943) . . . String Trio Op.45 (1946)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Brahms; Busoni; Dukas; Mahler; --Mozart; Reger; R Strauss; Wagner; Wolf; Zemlinsky
Has Influenced:  BABBITT; Bartók; BERG; Bliss; Blitzstein; Boulez; Britten; Cage; Carter; Casella; Copland; Dallapiccola; Davies; GERHARD; Ginastera; HÁBA; Harrison; Henze; Honegger; -Janácek; Kagel; Karg-Elert; [L Kirchner]; KRENEK; Martin; Nono; Pärt; Penderecki; Piston; Powell; Ravel; Riegger; Rochberg; Scelsi; Schuller; Sessions; [N SKALKOTTAS]; Stravinsky; Takemitsu; Varèse; WEBERN; Weill; [E Wellesz]; Wuorinen; -Zemlinsky

Schreker, Franz (1878-1934) Austrian; Vienna-based 1892-1920, Berlin-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic (German Expressionist)
Best Known For:  operas---songs---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Debussy; Wagner; Wolf
Has Influenced:  Berg; Hába; Krenek

Schubert, Franz (1797-1828) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Viennese school)
Genre Profile:  322---0200---3333---301---02---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  songs & song cycles---chamber music---syms.---solo piano---masses---choral music
Notable Works:  . . . Gretchen am Spinnrade [song for v & pf] D118 (1814) . . . Mass #2 in G [3 solo vv, chorus & string orch.] D167 (1815) . . . Erlkönig [song for v & pf] D328 (1815) . . . Sym. #3 in D D200 (1815) . . . Sym. #4 in C minor 'Tragic' D417 (1816) . . . Sym. #5 in B flat D485 (1816) . . . Sym. #6 in C 'Little C Major' D589 (1817-8) . . . Quintet for Piano & Strings in A 'Trout' D667 (1819) . . . Mass #5 in A flat [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] D678 (1819-22) . . . String Quartet #12 in C minor 'Quartettsatz' D703 (c1820) . . . Sym. #8 in B minor 'Unfinished' D759 (1822) . . . Fantasie in C 'Wandererfantasie' [pf] D760 (1822) . . . Die Schöne Mullerin [song cycle for solo v & pf] D795 (1823) . . . 6 Moments Musicaux [pf] D780 (1823-8) . . . Over. to (the Chézy play) Rosamunde [orch.] D797 (1823) . . . Octet in F [strings & winds] D803 (1824) . . . String Quartet #13 in A minor D804 (1824) . . . String Quartet #14 in D minor 'Death & the Maiden' D810 (1824) . . . Sonata for Arpeggione & Piano in A minor [now usually played on vc & pf] D821 (1824) . . . Ave Maria (Ellens Gesang III) [religious song for solo v & pf] D839 (1825) . . . Sym. #9 'Great C Major' D944 (1825?-8) . . . String Quartet #15 in G D887 (1826) . . . Piano Sonata #18 in G D894 (1826) . . . Piano Trio #1 in B flat D898 (1827-8?) . . . 8 impromptus [pf] D899 & D935 (1827) . . . Die Winterreise [songs for solo v & pf] D911 (1827) . . . Fantasie in C [vln & pf] D934 (1827) . . . Piano Trio #2 in E flat D929 (1827-8?) . . . Fantasie in F minor [pf 4 hands] D940 (1828) . . . Mass #6 in E flat [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] D950 (1828) . . . String Quintet in C D956 (1828) . . . Schwanengesang [songs for solo v & pf] D957 (1828) . . . Piano Sonata #19 in C minor D958 (1828) . . . Piano Sonata #20 in A D959 (1828) . . . Piano Sonata #21 in B flat D960 (1828)
Musical Influences:  BEETHOVEN; -Gluck; J Haydn; -Mozart; Rossini; Salieri
Has Influenced:  +Brahms; Bruckner; +Dvorák; FRANZ; ++Krenek; Liszt; ++Mahler; R Schumann; +Sullivan; ++Wolf

Schuller, Gunther (1925-) American
Style/Period:  Post-Schoenbergian Serial
Best Known For:  winds (chamber combs. & ensemble, w/orch.)---chamber music---orchestral pcs---concs.
Musical Influences:  Babbitt; Berg; Messiaen; Schoenberg; -Scriabin; Stravinsky; Varèse; Webern; JAZZ & POPULAR SONG

Schuman, William (1910-92) American; New York-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  212---1210---2211---101---21---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---syms.---choral/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . American Festival Over. [concert over. for orch.] (1939) . . . Sym. #3 (1941) . . . New England Triptych [orch.] (1956)
Musical Influences:  HARRIS; ---Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque music

Schumann, Clara Wieck (1819-96) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.); lieder
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. in A minor Op.7 (1835-6) . . . Piano Trio in G minor Op.17 (before 1846) . . . 3 Romances [vln & pf] Op.22 (1853)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; +Brahms; R Schumann
Has Influenced:  Brahms; -R Schumann

Schumann, Robert (1810-56) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic
Genre Profile:  322---3302---2222---310---01---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.---songs & song cycles
Notable Works:  . . . Carnaval [pf suite] Op.9 (1833-5) . . . Piano Sonata #2 in G minor Op.22 (1833-8) . . . 12 Symphonic Etudes [pf] Op.13 (1834-7) . . . Phantasie in C [pf] Op.17 (1836-8) . . . 8 Phantasiestücke [pf] Op.12 (1837) . . . Kinderszenen [pf suite] Op.15 (1838) . . . Kreisleriana [8 fantasies for pf] Op.16 (1838) . . . Arabeske in C [pf] Op.18 (1838) . . . Romance #2 in F sharp [pf] Op.28 no.2 (1839) . . . Myrthen [songs for solo v & pf] Op.25 (1840) . . . Liederkreis [songs for solo v & pf] Op.39 (1840) . . . Frauenliebe und Leben [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.42 (1840) . . . Dichterliebe [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.48 (1840) . . . Sym. #1 in B flat 'Spring' Op.38 (1841) . . . Piano Conc. in A minor Op.54 1841 & 1845) . . . Sym. #4 in D minor Op.120 (1841 & 1851) . . . Piano Quintet in E flat Op.44 (1842) . . . Piano Quartet in E flat Op.47 (1842) . . . Sym. #2 in C Op.61 (1845-6) . . . Piano Trio #1 in D minor Op.63 (1847) . . . Over. to Manfred in E flat minor (from the incidental music to Byron's poem) [orch.] Op.115 (1848-9) . . . Adagio & Allegro in A flat [horn (or vln or vc) & pf] Op.70 (1849) . . . 8 Phantasiestücke [cl (or vln or vc) & pf] Op.73 (1849) . . . 3 Romances [oboe (or vln or cl) & pf] Op.94 (1849) . . . Sym. #3 in E flat 'Rhenish' Op.97 (1850) . . . Cello Conc. in A minor Op.129 (1850)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; Hummel; Mendelssohn; Paganini; Schubert; +C Schumann; Weber
Has Influenced:  Balakirev; Borodin; BRAHMS; Bruch; ++Butterworth; ++Chávez; Cui; +Elgar; Fibich; FRANZ; Gade; Goldmark; ++Grainger; +Granados; Grieg; Lalo; Liszt; +MacDowell; +Medtner; Mussorgsky; +Novák; Parry; ++Persichetti; +PFITZNER; +Reger; REINECKE; Rubinstein; -C Schumann; Sinding; Smetana; Stanford; Svendsen; Tchaikovsky; +WOLF

Schütz, Heinrich (1585-1672) German; intermittently Dresden-based from 1615
Style/Period:  Early German Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (requiem masses, magnificats, passions, motets, sacred concertatos, etc.)
Notable Works:  . . . Psalmen Davids... [vv & 1 to several instrs.] SWV22-47 (p1619) . . . Symphoniae Sacrae (3 vols.) [vv & instrs.] SWV257-76, SWV341-67 & 398-418 (p1629/1647/1650) . . . Musicalische Exequien [funeral music for v or vv & basso-continuo] SWV279-81 (1636) . . . The Seven Last Words of Jesus Christ on the Cross [oratorio for 5vv, 5 instrs. & basso-continuo] SWV478 (1645) . . . Historia, der Freuden-... 'Christmas Oratorio' [vv, choruses & orch.] SWV435 (1664)
Musical Influences:  G GABRIELI; [A Grandi]; Marenzio; MONTEVERDI; Palestrina
Has Influenced:  +JS Bach; +++Brahms; Buxtehude; -Praetorius; WECKMANN

Scriabin, Alexander (1872-1915) Russian; Moscow-based to 1903
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic to c1902; Mystical thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---2000---0102---300---00---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo piano---symphonic poems/syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Etude in C sharp minor Op.2 no.1 (1887-9) . . . 10 piano sonatas (1892-1913) . . . Piano Etude in D sharp minor Op.8 no.12 (1894) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor Op.29 (1901) . . . Sym. #3 'Divine Poem' Op.43 (1902-4) . . . Poem of Ecstasy [sym. poem] Op.54 (1907) . . . Prometheus: The Poem of Fire [sym. poem for pf, chorus & orch.] Op.60 (1908-10)
Musical Influences:  Arensky; -CHOPIN; Debussy; Liszt; Taneyev; Tchaikovsky; WAGNER; music & color
Has Influenced:  Bridge; Copland; Crawford; Glière; Griffes; Kabalevsky; Karg-Elert; -Loeffler; Messiaen; Miaskovsky; Prokofiev; Scelsi; +Schuller; Stravinsky; Szymanowski

Seeger, Ruth Crawford (see under 'Crawford Seeger')

Senfl, Ludwig (c1486 - 1542/3) Swiss-German; Munich-based from 1523
Style/Period:  Middle German Renaissance
Best Known For:  lieder---motets---masses
Musical Influences:  ISAAC; JOSQUIN
Has Influenced:  16th Century German music

Sessions, Roger (1896-1985) American; Princeton-based for many years
Style/Period:  Neoclassical to c1950; Post-Schoenbergian Serial thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---1102---1202---212---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  syms.---solo piano---orchestral pcs---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . The Black Maskers (incidental music to the Andreyev play) (1923; orch. suite 1928) . . . Sym. #2 (1946)
Musical Influences:  Bloch; Schoenberg; Stravinsky
Has Influenced:  Babbitt; Diamond; Finney; HARBISON; [L Kirchner]; Zwilich

Shchedrin, Rodion (1932-) Russian; Moscow-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Socialist Realist)
Best Known For:  ballets---concs.---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . The Carmen Ballet (after Bizet) [strings & perc.] (1968)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Miaskovsky; --Mussorgsky; Prokofiev; Shostakovich; Stravinsky; --Tchaikovsky; folk music

Sheppard [Shepherd], John (c1515 - 1559/60) British; London-based from c1550
Style/Period:  Middle English Renaissance
Best Known For:  church music (motets, masses, services, anthems, etc.)
Musical Influences:  TAVERNER; plainchant

Shostakovich, Dmitry (1906-75) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg & Moscow-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Socialist Realist; Expressionist before 1934)
Genre Profile:  322---2202---2322---200---22---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---string quartets---stage works---piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in F minor Op.10 (1924-5) . . . Orchestral Suite from (the ballet) The Golden Age Op.22a (1930) . . . Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District [opera] Op.29 (1930-2, r1956) . . . Conc. for Piano, Trumpet & String Orch. in C minor Op.35 (1933) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in D minor Op.40 (1934) . . . Sym. #5 in D minor Op.47 (1937) . . . Sym. #6 in B minor Op.54 (1939) . . . Piano Quintet in G minor Op.57 (1940) . . . Sym. #7 in C 'Leningrad' Op.60 (1941) . . . Sym. #8 in C minor Op.65 (1943) . . . Piano Trio #2 in E minor Op.67 (1944) . . . Sym. #9 in E flat Op.70 (1945) . . . String Quartet #3 in F Op.73 (1946) . . . Violin Conc. #1 in A minor Op.77 (1947-8, r1955 as Op.99) . . . Sym. #10 in E minor Op.93 (1953) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in F Op.102 (1957) . . . Cello Conc. #1 in E flat Op.107 (1959) . . . String Quartet #8 in C minor Op.110 (1960) . . . Sym. #15 in A Op.141 (1971)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; --Borodin; +Britten; Glazunov; Hindemith; MAHLER; --Mussorgsky; Prokofiev; Rimsky-Korsakov; Stravinsky; -Tchaikovsky
Has Influenced:  -Khachaturian; Pärt; Penderecki; Schnittke; Shchedrin

Sibelius, Jean (1865-1957) Finnish
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (& Finnish Nationalist to c1900)
Genre Profile:  323---0322---2212---210---01---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---symphonic poems---incidental music---songs---Violin Conc. in D minor
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1888-1920) . . . En Saga [orch.] Op.9 (1892, r1902) . . . Karelia Suite (from the incidental music to Karelia) [orch.] Op.11 (1893, r1897 & 1900) . . . The Swan of Tuonela (from the sym. poem 'The Legends') [orch.] Op.22 no.3 (1893, r1897 & 1900) . . . Sym. #1 in E minor Op.39 (1899) . . . Finlandia [sym. poem] Op.26 (1899, r1900) . . . Sym. #2 in D Op.43 (1901-2) . . . Violin Conc. in D minor Op.47 (1903, r1905) . . . Valse Triste (from the incidental music to the Jarnefelt drama Kuolema) [orch.] Op.44 no.1 (1904) . . . Sym. #3 in C Op.52 (1907) . . . String Quartet in D minor 'Intimate Voices' Op.56 (1909) . . . Sym. #4 in A minor Op.63 (1911) . . . Sym. #5 in E flat Op.82 (1915, r1916 & 1919) . . . Sym. #6 in D minor Op.104 (1923) . . . Sym. #7 in C Op.105 (1924) . . . Tapiola [sym. poem] Op.112 (1926)
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; Berlioz; Borodin; Bruckner; +Busoni; Grieg; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Finnish folk music
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; Arnold; Bax; Bergman; Davies; HANSON; Harris; Holmboe; Kokkonen; Larsson; Moeran; Sallinen; Tippett; Vaughan Williams; Walton

Sinding, Christian (1856-1941) Norwegian
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---songs
Notable Work:  . . . Rustle of Spring [pf] Op.32 no.3 (1896)
Musical Influences:  Liszt; R Schumann; +R Strauss; Wagner

Smetana, Bedrich (1824-84) Bohemian; mainly Prague-based from 1838
Style/Period:  Czech Nationalist (Romantic; New German School)
Genre Profile:  113---0000---0222---210---03---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---orchestral pcs---string quartets---piano (solo, chamber combs.)
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Trio in G minor (1855, r1857) . . . The Bartered Bride [opera] (1863-6, r1869-70) . . . Over. & Dances to (the opera) The Bartered Bride [orch.] (1863-6) . . . The Moldau (from the suite of 6 sym. poems 'Má Vlast') [orch.] (1874) . . . String Quartet #1 in E minor 'From My Life' (1876) . . . 2 Duets for Violin & Piano 'From the Homeland' (1880)
Musical Influences:  Berlioz; Chopin; Liszt; Mendelssohn; R Schumann; Wagner; folksong
Has Influenced:  Dvorák; Janácek

Soler (Ramos), (Padre) Antonio (1729-83) Spanish (Catalan)
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0000---1002---020---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  keyboard sonatas---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Fandango in D minor (d?)
Musical Influences:  D SCARLATTI; Spanish folk music

Sor, Fernando (1778-1839) Spanish (Catalan); Paris & London-based from 1813
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0100---0002---203---21---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs.)---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Introduction & Variations on a Theme by Mozart [guitar] Op.9 (c1815) . . . Sonata in C 'Grand Sonata II' [guitar] Op.25 (p1826)
Musical Influences:  J Haydn; [F Moretti]; Mozart; Italian opera; Spanish popular music & song
Has Influenced:  Barrios; Tárrega

Sowerby, Leo (1895-1968) American; mainly Chicago-based from 1909
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  solo organ---anthems
Musical Influences:  -Franck; American folk music; jazz & blues; church music
Has Influenced:  Rorem

Spohr, Louis [Ludwig] (1784-1859) German
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier)
Genre Profile:  221---0222---2222---102---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  chamber music---concs.---violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)---operas---syms.---harp (solo, w/violin)
Notable Works:  . . . Sonata for Violin & Harp in E flat Op.113 (1806) . . . Clarinet Conc. #1 in C minor Op.26 (1808) . . . Nonet in F [winds & strings] Op.31 (1813) . . . Violin Conc. #8 in A minor Op.47 (1816) . . . Die letzten Dinge [oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1825-6)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Cherubini; MOZART; [JPJ Rode]; Viotti
Has Influenced:  Berwald; Brahms; Goldmark; JPE Hartmann; Mendelssohn; Wagner

Spontini, Gaspare (1774-1851) Italian; mainly Paris & Berlin-based from 1803
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  operas
Musical Influences:  Cherubini; GLUCK; Méhul; Mozart; +Rossini
Has Influenced:  Berlioz; -Cherubini; Meyerbeer; Rossini; Wagner; Weber

Stamitz, Johann [Jan] (1717-57) Bohemian-German; Mannheim-based from c1742
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical (Mannheim School)
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---orchestral trios
Musical Influences:  Jommelli
Has Influenced:  Boccherini; Mozart; K Stamitz

Stamitz, K[C]arl (1745-1801) German; Mannheim & then Paris-based to 1777 w/several associations thereafter
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical (Mannheim School)
Best Known For:  concs.---syms. & sinfonies concertantes---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Flute Conc. in G Op.29 (c1777)
Musical Influences:  J Stamitz

Stanford, Charles Villiers (1852-1924) Irish; Dublin-based to 1870, Cambridge & then London-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---2220---2222---220---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  sacred & secular vocal, choral & choral-orchestral music---syms.---songs
Notable Work:  . . . Clarinet Conc. in A minor Op.80 (1902)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; BRAHMS; [J Joachim]; -Mendelssohn; R Schumann; Wagner; Irish folk music
Has Influenced:  Bliss; Bridge; Britten; Butterworth; Coleridge-Taylor; Holst; Howells; Ireland; Vaughan Williams

Stenhammar, (Karl) Wilhelm (Eugen) (1871-1927) Swedish; Stockholm & Goteborg-based
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---concs.---choral-orchestral music---songs---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Serenade in F [orch.] Op.31 (1911-13) . . . Sym. #2 in G minor Op.34 (1911-5)
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; Brahms; Bruckner; Wagner; Renaissance polyphony

Still, William Grant (1895-1978) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic/Nationalist (African-American)
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs---chamber music---operas---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 'Afro-American' (1930) . . . Summerland [pf (& other arrs.)] (1936)
Musical Influences:  Coleridge-Taylor; American folk, jazz & popular song

Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1928-) German
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (Mystical after 1968)
Genre Profile:  022---0011---2222---202---02---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  magnetic tape-based pcs---chamber music---operas---orchestral pcs---solo piano---piccolo/flute (solo, chamber combs.)---aleatory music
Notable Works:  . . . Klavierstücke I- [continuing series of solo pf works] (1952-) . . . Kontra-Punkte [for 10 instrs.] (1952, r1953) . . . Gruppen [for 3 orchs.] (1955-7) . . . Kontakte [pf, perc & electronic sounds on 4 track tape] (1959-60) . . . Licht [continuing series of operas, one for each day of the week] (1978-)
Musical Influences:  Cage; Martin; Messiaen; Varèse; Webern; chance events; electronic music; East Asian music
Has Influenced:  -Berio; Brouwer; Holliger; -Ligeti; -Maderna; [B Nilsson]; [H Pousseur]

Stradella, Alessandro (1639-82) Italian
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  concerti grossi/chamber music, espec. w/violin---operas & other stage works---cantatas
Musical Influences:  +Corelli
Has Influenced:  Corelli; A Scarlatti

Strauss, Johann Jr. (1825-99) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Genre Profile:  003---0100---0012---200---23---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  orchestral waltzes, marches, quadrilles & polkas---operettas
Notable Works:  . . . On the Beautiful Blue Danube [waltz for orch.] Op.314 (1867) . . . Tales of the Vienna Woods [waltz for orch.] Op.325 (1868) . . . Die Fledermaus [operetta] (1874) . . . Der Zigeunerbaron [operetta] (1885) . . . The Emperor's Waltz [waltz for orch.] Op.437 (1889)
Musical Influences:  Liszt; OFFENBACH; J Strauss Sr.; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Lehár; R Strauss

Strauss, Johann Sr. (1804-49) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Best Known For:  orchestral waltzes, marches, quadrilles, polkas & galops
Notable Work:  . . . Radetzky March [march for orch.] Op.228 (1848)
Musical Influences:  folksong; Viennese light orchestral dance music
Has Influenced:  J Strauss Jr.; Suppé

Strauss, Josef (1827-70) Austrian; Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Best Known For:  orchestral waltzes & polkas
Musical Influences:  Berlioz; Liszt; Wagner

Strauss, Richard (1864-1949) German
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic (Neoclassical after 1910)
Genre Profile:  223---2232---0212---111---23---13x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  symphonic poems---operas---lieder---wind concs.---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1870-1942) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in F Op.6 (1880-3) . . . Horn Conc. #1 in E flat Op.11 (1882-3) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in E flat Op.18 (1887) . . . Don Juan [sym. poem] Op.20 (1888-9) . . . Death & Transfiguration [sym. poem] Op.24 (1888-9) . . . Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks [sym. poem] Op.28 (1894-5) . . . Thus Spake Zarathustra [sym. poem] Op.30 (1895-6) . . . Don Quixote [sym. poem in the form of variations for vc & orch.] Op.35 (1896-7) . . . A Hero's Life [sym. poem] Op.40 (1897-8) . . . Salome [opera] Op.54 (1903-5), incl. 'Dance of the Seven Veils' [orch.] . . . Elektra [opera] Op.58 (1906-8) . . . Der Rosenkavalier [opera] Op.59 (1909-10) . . . Ariadne auf Naxos [opera] Op.60 (1911-2, r1916) . . . Ein Alpensinfonie Op.64 (1911-5) . . . Die Frau ohne Schatten [opera] Op.65 (1914-8) . . . Horn Conc. #2 in E flat (1942) . . . Metamorphosen [string orch.] (1945) . . . Oboe Conc. in D (1945, r1948) . . . Four Last Songs [solo v & orch.] (1948)
Musical Influences:  Berlioz; Brahms; Liszt; --Mozart; J Strauss Jr.; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Bartók; Bax; Bloch; Casella; Castelnuovo-Tedesco; Dukas; Griffes; -Herbert; Hindemith; Holst; Honegger; KORNGOLD; Lehár; Prokofiev; -Puccini; Ravel; Reger; RESPIGHI; Ruggles; Schoenberg; -Sinding; Suk; Szymanowski; Varèse; Villa-Lobos; [E Wellesz]; Wolf-Ferrari; Zemlinsky

Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971) Russian-French-American; Paris-based 1911-39, U.S.-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Impressionist) to 1924; French Neoclassical 1924-1951; Post-Webernian Serial thereafter
Genre Profile:  232---2222---2222---202---32---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  significant or important contributor to most main genres; pre-eminent 20th Century composer of ballets
Notable Works:  . . . The Firebird [ballet] (1909-10; Suite #2 for reduced orch. 1919, r1945) . . . Petrushka [ballet] (1910-1, r1946) . . . The Rite of Spring [ballet] (1911-3, r1940s) . . . The Wedding [ballet for 4 solo vv, 4 pf, perc ensemble & chorus] (1914-7, r1921-3) . . . The Soldier's Tale [ballet for narr., spoken vv & ensemble of 7 instrs.] (1918) . . . Pulcinella [ballet after Pergolesi for 3 solo vv & chamber orch.] (1919-20; suite for chamber orch. c1922, r1947) . . . Symphonies of Wind Instruments [23 instrs.] (1920, r1945-7) . . . 3 Movements from Petrushka [pf] (1921) . . . Octet [wind instrs.] (1922-3, r1952) . . . Oedipus Rex [secular opera-oratorio] (1926-7, r1948) . . . Apollon Musagète [ballet for string orch.] (1927-8, r1947) . . . The Fairy's Kiss [ballet] (1928, r1950) . . . Symphony of Psalms [sacred text for chorus & orch.] (1930, r1948) . . . Violin Conc. in D (1931) . . . The Card Party [ballet] (1936) . . . Conc. in E flat 'Dumbarton Oaks' [chamber orch.] (1937-8) . . . Symphony in C (1939-40) . . . Sym. in Three Movements (1942-5) . . . Mass [mixed chorus & double wind quintet (10 instrs.)] (1944-8) . . . Conc. in D [string orch.] (1946) . . . Orpheus [ballet] (1947) . . . The Rake's Progress [opera] (1948-51) . . . Agon [ballet] (1953-4 & 1956-7) . . . Movements [pf & orch.] (1958-9)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Borodin; Debussy; Dukas; ---Gesualdo; Glazunov; -Glinka; ---Machaut; --Mozart; RIMSKY-KORSAKOV; Schoenberg; Scriabin; Tchaikovsky; +Webern; Renaissance, Baroque & Classical music; ragtime & jazz
Has Influenced:  [G ANTHEIL]; Barber; -Bartók; Berio; Berkeley; Bernstein; [H Birtwistle]; Bliss; Blitzstein; Boulez; Britten; Carter; Casella; Chávez; Copland; Creston; Diamond; Dutilleux; [W Egk]; -Falla; Fine; [W Fortner]; Foss; Françaix; Ginastera; KA Hartmann; Henze; Hindemith; Holmboe; -Holst; Husa; Ibert; -Ireland; [L Kirchner]; KRAFT; Krenek; Lambert; Ligeti; Lutoslawski; Malipiero; MARTINU; McPhee; Menotti; Messiaen; Nancarrow; ORFF; Petrassi; Piston; POULENC; Powell; Prokofiev; -Puccini; -Ravel; Reich; Rochberg; Rodrigo; -Roussel; Schuller; Sessions; Shchedrin; Shostakovich; [N Skalkottas]; Szymanowski; Tavener; Thomson; Tippett; Varèse; Villa-Lobos; Walton; Weill; Wuorinen; [BA Zimmermann]

Suk, Josef (1874-1935) Bohemian; Prague-based from c1885
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) Czech Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---0200---2222---200---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  symphonic & orchestral pcs---solo piano---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Serenade in E flat [string orch.] Op.6 (1892) . . . Asrael Symphony Op.27 (1905-6) . . . Things Lived & Dreamt [pf suite] Op.30 (1909)
Musical Influences:  DVORÁK; R Strauss; Tchaikovsky; French Impressionists
Has Influenced:  Martinu

Sullivan, Arthur (1842-1900) British; London-based
Style/Period:  Middle English Romantic/English Light Classical
Genre Profile:  122---0000---0101---100---23---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operettas---orchestral pcs---songs & song cycles---church music
Notable Works:  . . . H.M.S. Pinafore [operetta] (1878) . . . The Pirates of Penzeance [operetta] (1879) . . . The Mikado [operetta] (1885) . . . The Yeomen of the Guard [operetta] (1888)
Musical Influences:  Mendelssohn; Offenbach; -Schubert
Has Influenced:  Holst

Suppé, Franz von (1819-95) Belgian-Austrian; Vienna-based from 1835
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Genre Profile:  131---0000---0100---000---03---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operettas & operetta overs.
Notable Works:  . . . Over. to (the operetta) Poet & Peasant [orch.] (1846) . . . Over. to (the operetta) The Light Cavalry [orch.] (1866) . . . Boccaccio [operetta] (1879)
Musical Influences:  Halévy; OFFENBACH; J Strauss Sr.

Svendsen, Johan (1840-1911) Norwegian
Style/Period:  Norwegian Nationalist (Romantic)
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  +Grieg; Mendelssohn; R Schumann; folk music
Has Influenced:  Nielsen

Sweelinck, Jan (1562-1621) Dutch; Amsterdam-based
Style/Period:  Late Dutch Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  solo keyboard, espec. organ---sacred vocal music (motets, etc.)
Musical Influences:  Bull; Byrd; Cabezón; A Gabrieli; G Gabrieli; Philips
Has Influenced:  ++JS Bach; +Buxtehude; SCHEIDEMANN; SCHEIDT

Szymanowski, Karol (1882-1937) Polish
Style/Period:  Impressionist to 1924; Polish Nationalist (Neoclassical) thereafter
Genre Profile:  201---2200---0202---200---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---violin (w/piano, w/orch.)---songs---vocal/choral-orchestral music---operas---piano (solo, chamber combs.)
Notable Works:  . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in D minor Op.9 (1904) . . . Sym. #2 in B flat Op.19 (1909-10) . . . 3 Myths [vln & pf] Op.30 (1915) . . . Nocturne & Tarantella [vln & pf] Op.28 (1915) . . . Violin Conc. #1 Op.35 (1916) . . . King Roger [opera] Op.46 (1918-24) . . . Stabat Mater [3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.53 (1925-6) . . . Sym. #4 'Symphonie Concertante' [pf & orch.] Op.60 (1932)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Brahms; --Chopin; Debussy; Ravel; Reger; Scriabin; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Wagner; Persian & Arabian music; Polish folk music
Has Influenced:  Lutoslawski

Tailleferre, Germaine (1892-1983) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Best Known For:  chamber music---stage works (operas, ballets, film scores)---concs.
Musical Influences:  Fauré; Koechlin; Ravel; Satie

Takemitsu, Toru (1930-96) Japanese
Style/Period:  Impressionist/Exoticist
Genre Profile:  022---2222---2222---212---10---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---works featuring exotic instrs.---chamber music---guitar (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---film scores
Notable Works:   . . . Requiem for String Orch. (1957) . . . November Steps ['double concerto' for biwa, shakuhachi fl & orch.] (1967) . . . Toward the Sea [alto fl & guitar] (1981)
Musical Influences:  Cage; -DEBUSSY; Messiaen; Schoenberg; Webern; Xenakis; silence; sounds of nature; jazz; NATIVE JAPANESE MUSIC & INSTRUMENTS

Tallis, Thomas (c1505-85) British; London-based from c1543
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  Latin & English sacred vocal music (motets, masses, anthems, etc.)---solo keyboard
Notable Works:  . . . Lamentations of Jeremiah [5 vv] (c1565) . . . Spem in alium [sacred motet for 40 vv] (1573?) . . . Salvator Mundi, Salva nos I [sacred motet for 5 vv] (p1575)
Musical Influences:  Taverner; plainsong; Franco-Flemish music
Has Influenced:  Bull; BYRD; +++Vaughan Williams

Taneyev, Sergey (1856-1915) Russian; Moscow-based from c1866
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. #4 in C minor Op.12 (1898)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; TCHAIKOVSKY; ---Renaissance polyphony; --Viennese Classical School
Has Influenced:  Glière; Medtner; Rachmaninov; Scriabin

Tárrega (y Eixea), Francisco (1852-1909) Spanish; Barcelona-based from 1885
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (Spanish Nationalist)
Best Known For:  solo guitar (incl. transcriptions of other composers' works)
Notable Works:  . . . Capricho Árabe [guitar] (p1900) . . . Mazurka #3 'Marieta' [guitar] (p1900) . . . Recuerdos de la Alhambra [guitar] (p1900)
Musical Influences:  Sor

Tartini, Giuseppe (1692-1770) Italian; mainly Padua-based from 1709
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0220---0222---002---00---200
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  violin (sonatas, concs.)---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . Conc. for Trumpet & String Orch. in D (d?) . . . Sonata for Violin & Basso-Continuo in G minor 'Devil's Trill' (d?)
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Rameau; Vivaldi; folk music
Has Influenced:  Boccherini; Leclair; [JG Naumann]; Quantz

Tavener, John (1944-) British
Style/Period:  Mystical
Best Known For:  sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Work:  . . . The Protecting Veil [vc & orch.] (1987)
Musical Influences:  Stravinsky; Medieval music; Russian & Greek Orthodox Church music; European avant-garde

Taverner, John (c1490-1545) British
Style/Period:  Middle English Renaissance
Best Known For:  church music (masses & mass sections, magnificats, motets, antiphons)
Notable Works:  . . . Dum transisset Sabbatum I [motet for 5 vv] (c1525) . . . Mass 'Western Wynde' [4 vv] (c1535)
Musical Influences:  Josquin
Has Influenced:  Byrd; +++Davies; SHEPPARD; Tallis

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich (1840-93) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg & Moscow-based from 1850
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  333---3300---2222---200---33---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---ballets & orchestral suites drawn therefrom---concs.---orchestral pcs---operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in G minor 'Winter Daydreams' Op.13 (1866, r1874) . . . None but the Lonely Heart [song w/words after Goethe] Op.6 no.6 (1869) . . . Romeo & Juliet (Fantasy Over.) in B minor [orch.] (1869, r1870 & 1880) . . . String Quartet #1 in D Op.11 (1871) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor 'Little Russian' Op.17 (1872, r1879-80) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in B flat minor Op.23 (1874-5) . . . Swan Lake [ballet] Op.20 (1875-6; orch. suite 1876) . . . The Seasons [pf suite] Op.37b (1875-6) . . . Marche Slave in B flat [orch.] Op.31 (1876) . . . Francesca da Rimini in E minor [sym. fantasy] Op.32 (1876) . . . Variations on a Rococo Theme in A [vc & orch.] Op.33 (1876) . . . Eugene Onegin [opera] (1877-8), incl. 'Waltz' [orch.] . . . Sym. #4 in F minor Op.36 (1877-8) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.35 (1878) . . . 1812 Over. in E flat [concert over.] Op.49 (1880) . . . Italian Capriccio in A [orch.] Op.45 (1880) . . . Serenade in C [string orch.] Op.48 (1880) . . . Piano Trio in A minor Op.50 (1881-2) . . . Manfred Symphony in B minor [sym./sym. poem after Byron] Op.58 (1885) . . . Andante Cantabile (from String Quartet #1, Op.11) [vc & string orch. arr.] (1886?-8) . . . Suite #4 in G 'Mozartiana' [orch.] Op.61 (1887) . . . Sym. #5 in E minor Op.64 (1888) . . . The Sleeping Beauty [ballet] Op.66 (1888-9; orch. suite 1890) . . . The Queen of Spades [opera] Op.68 (1890) . . . The Nutcracker [ballet] Op.71 (1891-2; orch. suite Op.71a 1892), incl. 'Waltz of the Flowers' . . . Sym. #6 in B minor 'Pathétique' Op.74 (1893)
Musical Influences:  Balakirev; -Beethoven; Berlioz; Bizet; Chopin; Delibes; Glinka; Gounod; Liszt; Massenet; --MOZART; Rubinstein; R Schumann; Russian folksong; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  ARENSKY; Glazunov; Glière; +Kabalevsky; +Khachaturian; Massenet; Miaskovsky; Prokofiev; RACHMANINOV; Scriabin; ++Shchedrin; +Shostakovich; Sibelius; Stravinsky; Suk; TANEYEV; Villa-Lobos

Tcherepnin, Alexander (1899-1977) Russian-French-American; U.S.-based from 1949
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.
Musical Influences:  Prokofiev; East Asian music; French music; European, Caucasian & East Asian folk music

Telemann, Georg Philipp (1681-1767) German; Hamburg-based from 1721
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque (w/eclectic German, French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  022---1223---2222---022---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi---overture-suites---chamber music (quartets, sonatas, trio sonatas, etc.)---sacred & secular cantatas
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 instrs. & continuo] (p1718) . . . Conc. for 2 Horns & String Orch. in E flat 'Tafelmusik III, no.3' (p1733) . . . Conc. for 3 Violins & String Orch. in F 'Tafelmusik II, no.3' (p1733) . . . Over.-Suite in G 'Don Quichotte' [string orch.] (1761?) . . . 2 Concerti for 3 Trumpets & Orch. in D (d?) . . . 8 Concerti for Oboe & String Orch. (d?) . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in D (d?) . . . Conc. for Viola & Strings in G (d?) . . . Over.-Suite in A minor [fl & string orch.] (d?) . . . Conc. for Recorder, Flute & String Orch. in E minor (d?)
Musical Influences:  CORELLI; F Couperin; [R Keiser]; Lully; Vivaldi; French & Italian music; POLISH FOLK MUSIC; Moravian & German folk music
Has Influenced:  CPE Bach; Quantz

Thomas, (Charles Louis) Ambroise (1811-96) French; mainly Paris-based from 1821
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Works:  . . . Mignon [opera] (1866) . . . Hamlet [opera] (1869)
Musical Influences:  GOUNOD; Meyerbeer; Weber
Has Influenced:  Massenet

Thompson, Randall (1899-1984) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  choral & choral-orchestral music---syms.
Musical Influences:  Bloch; Americana
Has Influenced:  Bernstein

Thomson, Virgil (1896-1989) American; Paris-based 1921-2 & 1925-40, mainly New York-based thereafter
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical/American Nationalist (Experimental)
Genre Profile:  222---0112---2212---222---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  film scores & suites---operas---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Four Saints in Three Acts [opera] (1927-8 & 1933) . . . The Plow that Broke the Plains [film score & orch. suite] (1936) . . . The River [film score & orch. suite] (1937) . . . The Mother of Us All [opera] (1947) . . . 5 Songs from William Blake [solo v & orch.] (1951) . . . 'Portraits' series [147 pcs, mainly for solo pf] (various dates)
Musical Influences:  Milhaud; SATIE; Stravinsky; American hymns & folk music
Has Influenced:  Copland; Rorem

Tippett, Michael (1905-98) British
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2002---1211---212---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  has worked productively in most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . String Quartet #1 in A (1934-5, r1943) . . . Conc. for Double String Orch. (1938-9) . . . A Child of Our Time [secular oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1939-41) . . . Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli [string orch.] (1953) . . . King Priam [opera] (1958-61)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; --Beethoven; Hindemith; ---Purcell; Sibelius; Stravinsky; blues & jazz; Renaissance & Baroque music

Tomkins, Thomas (1572-1656) Welsh; mainly London & Worcester-based
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  anthems---solo keyboard---consort music---madrigals
Musical Influences:  BYRD

Torelli, Giuseppe (1658-1709) Italian
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi---chamber music---orchestral pcs---trumpet (w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in D G18 (d?)
Musical Influences:  +Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  Albinoni; Vivaldi

Torróba, Federico Moreno (see under 'Moreno Torróba')

Tournemire, Charles (1870-1939) French; Paris-based during most of adult life
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (French organ school)
Best Known For:  solo organ---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . L'Orgue Mystique [51 Offices for the Roman Catholic liturgy, for org] Opp. 55-57 (1927-32)
Musical Influences:  FRANCK; WIDOR; Gregorian chant; German music
Has Influenced:  Dupré; Duruflé; Langlais

Tower, Joan (1938-) American
Style/Period:  Serial to c1975; Neoromantic thereafter
Best Known For:  featured instrument w/orchestra---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Musical Influences:  ---Beethoven

Tubin, Eduard (1905-82) Estonian; Stockholm-based from 1944
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---solo piano---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #4 'Sinfonia Lirica' (1943) . . . Sym. #9 'Sinfonia Semplice' (1969)
Musical Influences:  Kodály; Prokofiev; FOLK MUSIC; jazz & popular song; Impressionists

Turina, Joaquín (1882-1949) Spanish; Madrid-based from 1914
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist
Genre Profile:  112---2000---2222---212---01---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber music, w/orch.)---solo guitar---songs---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . La Oración del Torero [str qtt] Op.34 (1925; string orch. arr. 1934) . . . Fandanguillo [guitar] Op.36 (1926)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Debussy; Falla; Franck; Indy; Ravel; folk & popular music
Has Influenced:  Rodrigo

Varèse, Edgard (1883-1965) French-American; mainly Paris, Germany & U.S.-based
Style/Period:  Experimentalist
Genre Profile:  002---0000---2000---002---00---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  music emphasizing percussion, rhythmicity, & winds---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Octandre [fl, woodwinds & brass chamber ensemble (8 instrs.)] (1923) . . . Ionisation [13 perc] (1929-31) . . . Ecuatorial [solo v & 18 instr. ensemble (or for chorus & orch.)] (1932-4) . . . Density 21.5 [fl] (1936) . . . Déserts [14 winds, 5 perc, pf & 2 track tape] (1950?-4, r1960 & 1961)
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Debussy; Schoenberg; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Widor; ---Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque music; Asian music
Has Influenced:  [H Birtwistle]; Boulez; Cage; Carter; Feldman; JOLIVET; KRAFT; Nancarrow; Schuller; Stockhausen; Wuorinen; Xenakis; [F ZAPPA]

Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872-1958) British; mainly London-based
Style/Period:  English Nationalist
Genre Profile:  322---2222---2202---120---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs, incl. folksong settings---songs & song cycles---works for featured instr(s). w/orch.---choral music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 'Sea Symphony' [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1903-9, r1923) . . . On Wenlock Edge [song cycle for solo v, pf & str qtt] (1908-9) . . . The Wasps, Aristophanic Suite (from incidental music to the Aristophane play) [orch.] (1909) . . . Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis [2 string orchs.] (1910, r1910-19) . . . Sym. #2 'London' (1912-3, r1920 & 1933) . . . The Lark Ascending [romance for vln & orch.] (1914, r1920) . . . Mass in G minor [4 solo vv & chorus of 8] (1920-1) . . . English Folk Song Suite [military band] (1923) . . . Job [masque for dancing] (1927-30) . . . Sym. #4 in F minor (1931-4) . . . Fantasia on Greensleeves (from the opera Sir John in Love) [fl(s), harp & strings] (1934) . . . Serenade to Music [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1938; chorus & orch. arr. 1939) . . . Sym. #5 in D (1938-43, r1951) . . . Five Variants of Dives & Lazarus [harp & string orch.] (1939) . . . Conc. for Oboe & String Orch. in A minor (1944) . . . Sym. #6 in E minor (1944-7, r1950) . . . Sym. #7 'Antarctica' [solo v, chorus & orch.] (1949-52) . . . The Pilgrim's Progress [morality opera] (1949, r1951-2)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; +Holst; Parry; +Ravel; Sibelius; Stanford; ---Tallis; Renaissance & Elizabethan music; ENGLISH FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; Butterworth; Finzi; Hanson; Holst; HOWELLS; Moeran

Verdi, Giuseppe (1813-1901) Italian; mainly North Italy-based
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Romantic
Genre Profile:  000---0000---0200---100---03---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Ernani [opera] (1844) . . . Macbeth [opera] (1847, r1865) . . . Rigoletto [opera] (1851) . . . Il Trovatore [opera] (1853) . . . La Traviata [opera] (1853) . . . Over. to (the opera) La Traviata [orch.] (1853) . . . La Forza del Destino [opera] (1862, r1869) . . . Over. to (the opera) La Forza del Destino [orch.] (1862) . . . Don Carlo [opera] (1867, r1884) . . . Aida [opera] (1871), incl. 'March' [orch.] . . . String Quartet in E minor (1873) . . . Messa da Requiem [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1874) . . . Otello [opera] (1887) . . . Falstaff [opera] (1893)
Musical Influences:  Bellini; +Boito; Donizetti; Mercadante; Meyerbeer; ---Palestrina; Rossini
Has Influenced:  +Argento; Bizet; Boito; +Britten; Busoni; +Ginastera; Giordano; Leoncavallo; Mascagni; +Menotti; Mussorgsky; -Pacini; Pizzetti; Ponchielli; Puccini

Victoria, Tomás Luis de (c1548-1611) Spanish; Rome-based from c1565-1587, Madrid-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late Spanish Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (motets, masses, hymns, passions, etc.)
Notable Works:  . . . Ave Maria [sacred motet for 8 vv & org] (p1572, r p1600) . . . O magnum mysterium [sacred motet for 4 vv] (p1572) . . . O quam gloriosum est regnum [sacred motet for 4 vv] (p1572) . . . Missa O quam gloriosum [4 vv] (p1583) . . . Officium defunctorum [requiem for 6 vv] (1605)
Musical Influences:  Morales; PALESTRINA; Spanish & Italian music
Has Influenced:  +++Poulenc

Vierne, Louis (1870-1937) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) French Romantic (French organ school)
Genre Profile:  101---1000---2102---231---00---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ, espec. organ syms.---sacred vocal/choral music w/organ---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in D minor [org] Op.14 (1899) . . . Messe Solennelle in C sharp minor [4 vv & 2 organs] Op.16 (1900) . . . Sym. #3 in F sharp minor [org] Op.28 (1912) . . . Carillon de Westminster [organ fantasy] Op.54 no.6 (1927)
Musical Influences:  Fauré; FRANCK; Wagner; WIDOR
Has Influenced:  DUPRÉ; Duruflé

Vieuxtemps, Henri (1820-81) Belgian
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known For:  violin (solo, chamber, w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Violin Conc. #5 in A minor Op.37 (1861)
Musical Influences:  Paganini

Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887-1959) Brazilian; mainly Rio de Janeiro-based (Paris-based 1923-30)
Style/Period:  Brazilian Nationalist
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---203---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  'Chôros' & 'Bachianas Brasileiras' series (various forces)---guitar (solo, chamber, w/orch.)---chamber music, espec. string quartets---songs---piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 17 string quartets (1915-57) . . . Chôros #1 in E minor [guitar] (1920) . . . Nonet [secular text for chorus, instrumental ensemble & perc] (1923) . . . Chôros #5 'Alma Brasileira' [pf] (1925) . . . Chôros #10 [chorus & orch.] (1926) . . . 12 Etudes [guitar] (1929) . . . Bachianas Brasilieras #1 [8 vc] (1930) . . . Bachianas Brasilieras #5 [songs for solo v & 8 vc] (1938-45) . . . 5 Preludes [guitar] (1940) . . . Guitar Conc. (1951)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; [E Nazareth]; Puccini; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky; -Wagner; BRAZILIAN POPULAR, FOLK & INDIAN MUSIC; French & Russian music; African music

Viotti, Giovanni Battista (1755-1824) Italian; mainly Paris & London-based from 1782
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Paris virtuoso school)
Best Known For:  violin concs.
Musical Influences:  J Haydn; Mozart; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  [JPJ Rode]; Spohr

Vitry, Philippe de (1291-1361) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Medieval (Ars nova)
Best Known For:  motets
Has Influenced:  Machaut

Vivaldi, Antonio (1678-1741) Italian; mainly Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  000---0333---3222---000---02---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi (violin(s), wind(s), multiple instr. combinations)---chamber music (chamber concs., sonatas, trio sonatas)---sacred vocal/choral music---operas
Notable Works:  . . . 12 Concerti Grossi 'L'Estro Armonico' Op.3 (p1711) . . . 4 Concerti for Violin & String Orch. 'The Seasons' Op.8, nos.1-4 (p1725) . . . 6 Concerti for Flute & String Orch. Op.10 (p c1728) . . . Trio Sonata for Violin, Lute & Continuo in C RV82 (d?) . . . Chamber Conc. for Lute (now usually guitar), 2 Violins & Basso-Continuo in D RV93 (d?) . . . Conc. for Mandolin, Strings & Basso-Continuo in C RV425 (d?) . . . Conc. for Flute (or Recorder), Strings & Basso-Continuo in C minor RV441 (d?) . . . Conc. for Flute (or Recorder), Strings & Basso-Continuo in F RV442 (d?) . . . Conc. for Piccolo, Strings & Basso-Continuo in C RV443 (d?) . . . Conc. for Oboe, Strings & Basso-Continuo in A minor RV461 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Cellos, Strings & Basso-Continuo in G minor RV531 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Mandolins, Strings & Basso-Continuo in G RV532 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Trumpets, Strings &Basso-Continuo in C RV537 (d?) . . . Conc. for 3 Violins, Strings & Basso-Continuo in F RV551 (d?) . . . Gloria in D [solo vv, chorus & orch.] RV589 (d?) . . . Credo in E minor [chorus, org & string orch.] RV591 (d?)
Musical Influences:  Albinoni; Corelli; [G Legrenzi]; A Scarlatti; Torelli
Has Influenced:  Albinoni; CPE Bach; JS Bach; Hasse; Heinichen; Leclair; Locatelli; +++Malipiero; Quantz; Sammartini; Tartini; Telemann; -Torelli; Zelenka

Wagner, Richard (1813-83) German
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (New German School; German Nationalist)
Genre Profile:  132---0100---0002---200---03---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas and opera overs. & preludes---'Siegfried Idyll' (orch.)---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . The Flying Dutchman [opera] (1841, r1846 & 1852) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Flying Dutchman [orch.] (1841, r1852 & 1860) . . . Tannhäuser [opera] (1843-5, r1861 & 1865) . . . Over. to (the opera) Tannhäuser [orch.] (1845) . . . Lohengrin [opera] (1845-8) . . . Götterdämmerung [opera] (1848-74) . . . Preludes to Acts I & III of (the opera) Lohengrin [orch.] (1850) . . . Das Rheingold [opera] (1851-4) . . . Die Walküre [opera] (1851-6), incl. 'Ride of the Valkyries' [orch.] . . . Siegfried [opera] (1851-71), incl. 'Forest Murmurs' [orch.] . . . Tristan und Isolde [opera] (1857-9) . . . Prelude & Death of Isolde from (the opera) Tristan und Isolde [orch.] (1857-9) . . . Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg [opera] (1861-7) . . . Prelude to (the opera) Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg [orch.] (1867) . . . Siegfried Idyll [small orch.] (1870) . . . Parsifal [opera] (1876-82)
Musical Influences: BEETHOVEN; Bellini; Berlioz; Chopin; --Gluck; Halévy; Liszt; Meyerbeer; -Mozart; Rossini; Spohr; Spontini; Weber
Has Influenced:  Alfvén; Bartók; Bax; Beach; +Berg; Bloch; Boito; +Boulanger; BRUCKNER; CHABRIER; G Charpentier; CHAUSSON; Debussy; DELIUS; Dohnányi; DUKAS; Duparc; Dvorák; ELGAR; Enescu; Fauré; Fibich; Franck; Glière; GOLDMARK; ++Henze; Herbert; Holst; HUMPERDINCK; INDY; Janácek; Lalo; Leoncavallo; -Liszt; Lyadov; MacDowell; Mahler; Massenet; Miaskovsky; Offenbach; PARRY; ++Penderecki; PFITZNER; Pizzetti; Ponchielli; Puccini; Reger; Reinecke; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Schoenberg; Schreker; SCRIABIN; Sibelius; Sinding; Smetana; Stanford; Stenhammar; J Strauss Jr.; Jos Strauss; R Strauss; Szymanowski; Vierne; +Villa-Lobos; Webern; WOLF; Wolf-Ferrari; Zemlinsky

Walton, William (1902-83) British
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  232---0300---0202---112---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  concs. for string instrs.---film scores---choral-orchestral music---orchestral pcs---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Façade [monologues w/music for 2 speakers & instrumental ensemble] (1921-2; orch suites 1 & 2, 1926 & 1938) . . . Viola Conc. in A minor (1928-9, r1961) . . . Belshazzar's Feast [sacred cantata for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1930-1) . . . Sym. #1 in B flat minor (1932-5) . . . film scores (1934-70) . . . Crown Imperial--Coronation March [orch.] (1937) . . . Violin Conc. in B minor (1938-9) . . . Cello Conc. (1956, r1974)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; Gershwin; Hindemith; Prokofiev; Ravel; Roussel; Sibelius; Stravinsky
Has Influenced:  Bennett; Britten

Warlock, Peter (1894-1930) British; mainly London-based
Style/Period:  English Nationalist
Genre Profile:  002---0000---0000---100---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  songs & song cycles---orchestral pcs---choral music
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1910-30) . . . The Curlew [song cycle for solo v, fl, English horn & str qtt] (1920-2) . . . Capriol Suite [string orch.] (1926)
Musical Influences:  DELIUS; [B Van Dieren]; ---ELIZABETHAN & JACOBEAN MUSIC; English folksong
Has Influenced:  Lambert; Moeran

Weber, Carl Maria von (1786-1826) German
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  222---2230---2122---201---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.---clarinet (chamber combs., w/orch.)---piano (solo, concs.)---songs---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Bassoon Conc. in F (1811, r1822) . . . Clarinet Conc. #1 in F minor Op.73 (1811) . . . Clarinet Conc. #2 in E flat Op.74 (1811) . . . Concertino for Clarinet & Orch. in E flat Op.26 (1811) . . . Quintet for Clarinet & String Quartet in B flat Op.34 (1815) . . . Grand Duo Concertant for Clarinet & Piano in E flat Op.48 (1815-6) . . . Der Freischütz [opera] (1817-21) . . . Invitation to the Dance in D flat [pf] Op.65 (1819; orch. arr. by Berlioz, 1841) . . . Over. to (the opera) Der Freischütz [orch.] (1821) . . . Euryanthe [opera] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Euryanthe [orch.] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Oberon [orch.] (1825-6)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Cherubini; Danzi; M Haydn; Méhul; Mozart; Spontini; [G Vogler]; folk music
Has Influenced:  Auber; Berlioz; +Bizet; Chopin; -Danzi; +Fibich; Liszt; ++Mahler; MENDELSSOHN; Nicolai; ++Pfitzner; R Schumann; Thomas; Wagner

Webern, Anton (von) (1883-1945) Austrian; mainly Vienna-based
Style/Period:  German Expressionist to 1924; Serial (Second Viennese School) thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---0000---2222---200---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  chamber music, espec. string quartets---orchestral & chamber orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Im Sommerwind [sym. poem] (1904) . . . Passacaglia [large orch.] Op.1 (1908) . . . 5 Movements [str qtt] Op.5 (1909) . . . 6 Pieces [orch.] Op.6 (1909) . . . 5 Pieces [small orch.] Op.10 (1911-3) . . . 6 Bagatelles [str qtt] Op.9 (1911-3) . . . 5 Canons on Latin Texts [sacred songs for solo v, cl & bass cl] Op.16 (1923-4) . . . Sym. [chamber orch.] Op.21 (1928) . . . String Quartet Op.28 (1936-8)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Brahms; Mahler; Reger; SCHOENBERG; -Wagner; Renaissance polyphony
Has Influenced:  Babbitt; Bergman; Boulez; Cage; Crumb; Dallapiccola; Davies; Feldman; KA Hartmann; Kagel; Krenek; Ligeti; NONO; Penderecki; Perle; [H POUSSEUR]; Powell; Rochberg; Schuller; Stockhausen; -Stravinsky; Takemitsu; [C Wolff]; Wolpe; [BA Zimmermann]; jazz

Weckmann, Matthias (c1619-1674) German; North & Central Germany-based
Style/Period:  Middle German Baroque
Best Known For:  solo organ---sacred vocal music
Musical Influences:  Scheidemann; SCHÜTZ

Weelkes, Thomas (c1575-1623) British
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred & secular madrigals---anthems
Musical Influences:  Byrd; Dowland; Marenzio; Monteverdi; Morley

Weill, Kurt (1900-50) German-American; U.S.-based from 1935
Style/Period:  German Neoclassical/German Vernacularist to c1935; American Vernacularist thereafter
Genre Profile:  221---0200---0101---100---13---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  stage works (operas, operettas, musicals)---songs---choral music---music on socio-political subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Recordare: Lamentations of Jeremiah [2 choruses] Op.11 (1923) . . . Conc. for Violin & Wind Orch. Op.12 (1924) . . . Rise & Fall of the City of Mahagonny [opera] (1927-9) . . . The Threepenny Opera [operetta/ play with music'] (1928; orch. suite [winds] 1928-9), incl. 'Mack the Knife' [song] . . . The Seven Deadly Sins [ballet/'spectacle' for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1933) . . . September Song (from the musical Knickerbocker Holiday) (1938)
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Gershwin; Humperdinck; Mahler; ---Mozart; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; JAZZ
Has Influenced:  BLITZSTEIN; Wolpe; -Zemlinsky

Weiss, Silvius Leopold (1686-1750) German; mainly Dresden-based from 1717
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  some 600 solo lute pcs, mostly in the form of dance suites
Notable Work:  Passacaglia in D [lute] (d?)
Musical Influences:  French & Italian music

Wert, Giaches de (1535-96) Flemish-Italian; Italy-based from c1544
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---motets
Musical Influences:  Rore
Has Influenced:  Luzzaschi; Marenzio; MONTEVERDI

Widor, Charles-Marie (1844-1937) French; Paris-based from 1870
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (French organ school)
Genre Profile:  201---2110---1112---230---12---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ, espec. organ syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #6 in G minor [org] Op.42 no.2 (1880?) . . . Toccata (from Sym. #5 in F minor, Op.42 no.1) [org] (1880?)
Musical Influences:  --JS BACH; Liszt; Mendelssohn; Rossini; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  DUPRÉ; TOURNEMIRE; Varèse; VIERNE

Wieck, Clara [see under 'Schumann, Clara Wieck']

Wieniawski, Henryk (1835-80) Polish
Style/Period:  Middle Romantic
Genre Profile:  000---0200---0002---002---00---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  violin (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Scherzo-tarantelle in G minor [vln & pf] Op.16 (1856) . . . Légende in G minor [vln & orch.] Op.17 (c1860) . . . Violin Conc. #2 in D minor Op.22 (1862) . . . Fantaisie Brillante on Themes from Gounod's Faust [vln & orch.] Op.20 (p1868)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; Paganini; Polish folk dance music
Has Influenced:  Kreisler

Willaert, Adrian (c1490-1562) Flemish-Italian; Venice-based from 1527
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals & chansons---sacred motets---masses---psalms
Musical Influences:  Josquin; [J Mouton]
Has Influenced:  A Gabrieli; G Gabrieli; Lasso; RORE

Wolf, Hugo (1860-1903) Austrian; mainly Vienna-based from 1875
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile:  012---0000---0200---200---02---130
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  lieder
Notable Works:  . . . Italian Serenade in G [str qtt] (1887; arr. for small orch. 1892) . . . Gedichte von Eduard Mörike [songs for solo v & pf] (1888) . . . Gedichte von J. W. von Goethe [songs for solo v & pf] (1888-9) . . . Spanisches Liederbuch, nach Heyse & Geibel [songs for solo v & pf] (1889-90) . . . Italienisches Liederbuch, nach Paul Heyse (2 pts.) [songs for solo v & pf] (1890-1/1896)
Musical Influences:  Liszt; Loewe; --Schubert; -R SCHUMANN; WAGNER
Has Influenced:  Reger; Schoenberg; Schreker

Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno (1876-1948) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  operas---woodwinds (w/orch.)---songs
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Leoncavallo; Mascagni; --Mozart; R Strauss; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Menotti

Wolpe, Stefan (1902-72) German-American; U.S.-based from 1938
Style/Period:  Serial (Expressionist)
Best Known For:  solo piano---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Webern; Weill; jazz
Has Influenced:  Feldman; Wuorinen

Wuorinen, Charles (1938-) American
Style/Period:  Post-Webernian Serial (Neoclassical after c1980)
Best Known For:  chamber music---concs.---orchestral pcs---magnetic tape-based pcs
Musical Influences:  Babbitt; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Varèse; Wolpe

Xenakis, Iannis (1922-2001) Greek-French; mainly Paris-based from 1947
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (texture music)
Genre Profile:  022---2110---2222---212---10---?2x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  aleatory & mathematics-based music---orchestral pcs---chamber music---works for solo player---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Metastaseis [orch.] (1953-4) . . . Pithoprakta [orch.] (1955-6) . . . Pleïades [perc sextet] (1978)
Musical Influences:  MESSIAEN; Milhaud; Varèse; ancient music; CHANCE & PROBABILISTIC EVENTS
Has Influenced:  Penderecki; Takemitsu

Zelenka, Jan [Johann] Dismas (1679-1745) Bohemian; mainly Dresden-based from 1710
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---chamber music---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 oboes, bassoon & basso-continuo] (1715-6) . . . Lamentationes Jeremiae Prophetae [3 solo vv & chorus] (1722)
Musical Influences:  --Frescobaldi; Fux; ---Morales; Vivaldi; folk music
Has Influenced:  JS Bach

Zemlinsky, Alexander (von) (1871-1942) Austrian; mainly Vienna & Prague-based
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic
Genre Profile:  212---0000---2221---100---12---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  operas---songs---chamber music---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Trio in D minor [cl (or va), vc & pf] Op.3 (1896) . . . Die Seejungfrau [sym. poem after the H.C. Andersen story] (c1903) . . . Lyric Symphony [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.18 (1923)
Musical Influences:  Brahms; MAHLER; +Schoenberg; R Strauss; Wagner; +Weill
Has Influenced:  Korngold; Schoenberg

Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe (1939-) American
Style/Period:  Serial to c1980; Neoromantic thereafter
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Carter; Sessions